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Using special computer techniques, the evoked responses measured over multiple trials are amplified and averaged. This is called the Visual Evoked Response (VER) and is recorded by electroencephalography electrodes located over the occiput. This external visual stimulus causes measurable electrical activity in neurons within the visual pathways. VEP or VER involves stimulation of the retina and optic nerve with a shifting checkerboard pattern or flash method. VEPs/VERs evaluate the visual nervous system pathways from the eyes to the occipital cortex of the brain. SEPs has an advantage in that it evaluates the entire somatosensory pathway and it is possible to distinguish between lesions located in the peripheral nerve, in the dorsal column pathway, or both. SEPs/SERs evaluate the pathways from nerves in the extremities through the spinal cord, to the brainstem or cerebral cortex upon stimulation of peripheral axon. The following are tests that evaluate potentials evoked by stimulation of the peripheral or cranial nerves: Evoked potentials are also used to monitor neural pathways when patients are anesthetized during surgery and to document brain death. Often defects in these pathways are not otherwise evident. Different latencies and wave patterns help to localize lesions ranging from the end organ through the nervous system to the cerebral cortex. Evoked potentials are clinically useful in evaluating the functional integrity of the somatosensory or special sensory pathways. By computer averaging techniques, the evoked responses of repetitive stimuli can be separated from the spontaneous EEG activity. When a sensory impulse reaches the brain, a specific Electroencephalographic (EEG) response is produced (evoked) in the cortical area appropriate to the modality and site of the stimulus.
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Visual Evoked Potentials/Responses (VEPs/VERs)Įvoked potential studies are recorded electrical responses to stimulation of a sensory system. Somatosensory Evoked Potentials/Responses (SEPs/SERs),īrainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials/Responses (BAEPs/BAERs), and Neurophysiology Evoked Potentials (NEPs) for the purpose of this LCD include: Coverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical Necessity